Plantar fasciitis

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What is Plantar Fasciitis?

Plantar Fasciitis is a common condition that involves inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot, connecting the heel bone to the toes. It is a leading cause of heel pain, especially in runners, people who are overweight, or those who wear shoes with inadequate support.

Mechanism of Injury:

Plantar fasciitis is typically caused by overuse or excessive strain on the plantar fascia, such as:

Overuse or Repetitive Stress: Activities that put a lot of stress on the heel and attached tissue, such as long-distance running, jumping, or standing for long periods.
Foot Mechanics: Abnormal foot mechanics, such as flat feet, high arches, or an abnormal walking pattern, can strain the plantar fascia.
Improper Footwear: Wearing shoes that lack proper arch support or cushioning, particularly on hard surfaces, can contribute to the condition.
Age: The condition is more common in people between 40 and 60 years old.
Weight: Excess body weight puts extra stress on the plantar fascia.

Symptoms

Heel Pain: The primary symptom is a sharp, stabbing pain in the bottom of the heel, particularly during the first steps in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Pain After Activity: Pain often worsens after exercise or activity, not during it.
Tenderness: The area around the heel and arch of the foot may be tender to the touch.
Stiffness: The foot may feel stiff, especially in the morning or after prolonged periods of sitting.
Swelling: In some cases, there may be mild swelling around the heel.

Treatment

Rest: Avoid activities that exacerbate the pain, particularly running, jumping, or walking on hard surfaces.
NSAIDs: Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, like ibuprofen, can help manage pain and reduce inflammation.
Stretching Exercises: Specific stretches targeting the plantar fascia, Achilles tendon, and calf muscles can relieve tension and improve flexibility. These exercises are often done first thing in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Physical Therapy: May include exercises to strengthen the muscles of the foot and lower leg, improving stability and reducing strain on the plantar fascia.
Orthotics: Custom or over-the-counter orthotic inserts can provide better arch support and cushioning, helping to distribute pressure more evenly across the foot.
Night Splints: Wearing a night splint can keep the plantar fascia and Achilles tendon stretched overnight, reducing morning pain and stiffness.
Massage: Techniques focused on the plantar fascia and surrounding areas can help relieve tightness and improve blood flow.
Dry Needling: May be used to release tension in the calf muscles or plantar fascia, reducing pain and promoting healing.
Ultrasound Therapy: Applied to the heel to reduce inflammation and stimulate tissue repair.
Cupping: Used to enhance blood flow and reduce muscle tightness in the foot and calf.
Rehabilitation Plan: Includes a gradual return to activity, focusing on strengthening and stretching exercises tailored to the individual's needs.
Reassessment: Regular follow-ups to monitor progress, adjust treatment, and prevent recurrence.