Intercostal
What is a Intercostal injury?
Intercostal Injury refers to damage to the intercostal muscles, which are the muscles located between the ribs. These muscles play a key role in breathing by helping to expand and contract the ribcage.
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Grades of Intercostal Injuries:
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Grade I - Mild Strain:
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Description: Minor overstretching or micro-tears in the intercostal muscle fibers.
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Grade II - Moderate Strain:
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Description: Partial tear of the intercostal muscles, with more significant damage to the muscle fibers.
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Grade III - Severe Tear:
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Description: Complete rupture of the intercostal muscle, often accompanied by severe pain and significant functional limitations.
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Mechanism of Injury:
Intercostal injuries typically occur due to sudden twisting or forceful movements, direct trauma to the ribcage, or overstretching during activities like heavy lifting, intense coughing, or sports that involve rapid rotational movements.
Symptoms
Grade I - Mild Strain:
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Symptoms: Mild discomfort or sharp pain between the ribs, especially during deep breathing, twisting, or coughing. Pain may be noticeable but usually does not severely limit movement.
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Grade II - Moderate Strain
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Symptoms: Sharp, persistent pain between the ribs, worsening with deep breathing, coughing, or movement. There may be some swelling and difficulty in performing activities that require upper body movement.
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Grade III - Severe Tear
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Symptoms: Intense, sharp pain that may radiate around the ribcage or into the back. Breathing deeply, coughing, or any upper body movement may become extremely painful. There may also be visible swelling or bruising.
Treatment
Treatment grade I:
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Rest: Avoid activities that exacerbate symptoms, particularly twisting or heavy lifting.
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Gentle Stretching: To maintain flexibility without overstressing the muscles.
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Treatment grade II:​
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Pain Relief: NSAIDs to manage pain and reduce inflammation.
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Manual Therapy: Gentle massage and mobilisation to relieve tension and promote healing.
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Rehabilitation Exercises: Gentle strengthening and stretching exercises to restore function.
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Treatment grade III
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Immediate Medical Attention: Severe tears may require medical evaluation, especially if there is concern for associated rib fractures or complications.
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Pain Management: Stronger pain relief options may be needed, and breathing exercises might be introduced to prevent respiratory complications.
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Manual Therapy: Post-injury therapy to reduce pain and improve mobility.
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Rehabilitation Program: Gradual reintroduction of activity, focusing on restoring strength and flexibility.
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