hernia

What is a Hernia?

Hernia refers to a condition where an organ or tissue protrudes through a weak spot or tear in the muscle or connective tissue that normally holds it in place. Hernias most commonly occur in the abdomen, particularly in the groin area (inguinal hernia), around the navel (umbilical hernia), or along an incision from previous surgery (incisional hernia).

Mechanism of Injury:

A hernia can develop due to straining, heavy lifting, persistent coughing, or pregnancy, all of which can increase pressure within the abdomen. Weakness in the abdominal wall—whether congenital or acquired—can also predispose someone to hernias.

Symptoms

Visible Bulge: A noticeable lump or bulge in the abdomen or groin, especially when standing, coughing, or straining.
Pain or Discomfort: Aching or sharp pain at the site of the bulge, which may worsen with activity.
Heaviness or Pressure: A sensation of heaviness or pressure in the abdomen.
Nausea or Vomiting: If the hernia becomes trapped or strangulated, cutting off blood supply to the tissue, it can cause severe pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Treatment

Pre-Hospital Treatment:

Avoid Straining: Minimise activities that increase abdominal pressure, such as lifting heavy objects or coughing forcefully.
Support the Area: If possible, gently apply pressure to the hernia to keep it in place.
Pain Management: Apply ice packs to reduce discomfort and swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers may be taken if appropriate.
Seek Medical Attention: Urgently seek medical care if there is severe pain, vomiting, or if the hernia becomes hard, tender, and non-reducible, as this may indicate strangulation—a medical emergency.

Hospital treatment

Assessment: Physical examination and imaging (e.g., ultrasound or CT scan) to confirm the type and severity of the hernia.
Manual Reduction: In some cases, the hernia can be gently pushed back into place, though this is a temporary solution.
Surgery: The definitive treatment for most hernias is surgery, which can be performed either as an open repair or laparoscopically. The procedure involves returning the protruding tissue to its correct position and reinforcing the weakened area of the abdominal wall with stitches or mesh.