Concussion
What is a concussion?
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury that results from a forceful blow, bump, or jolt to the head or body, causing the brain to move rapidly within the skull. This sudden movement can lead to temporary disruption of normal brain function. The mechanism of injury involves the acceleration or deceleration forces applied to the brain, which can cause stretching and damage to brain cells, altering their normal communication and chemical processes. which are categorised into three different categories depending on the severity.
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1. Grade 1 (Mild): This is the least severe form of concussion. Individuals might experience temporary confusion, but they typically do not lose consciousness. Symptoms usually resolve within 15 minutes.
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2. Grade 2 (Moderate): This grade involves a brief loss of consciousness, which lasts for less than a minute. Symptoms such as confusion, memory loss, and headaches may persist for a slightly longer period compared to Grade 1.
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3. Grade 3 (Severe): This is the most severe form of concussion, involving a loss of consciousness for more than a minute. Memory loss, confusion, and other symptoms can be more pronounced and may take a longer time to resolve. Immediate medical attention is crucial for Grade 3 concussions.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a concussion can include headache, confusion, dizziness, nausea or vomiting, fatigue, sensitivity to light or noise, difficulty concentrating, memory problems, delayed reactions and changes in sleep patterns. It's essential to seek medical attention if you suspect a concussion.
Diagnosis
SCAT6 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool) is commonly used in sports-related settings.
Neck Examination: Palpate the cervical spine to assess radiating pain, numbness, burning pain and pins and needles if clear asses neck mobility and strength.
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Symptoms:Ask about symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, balance issues, or sensitivity to light and noise.
Physical Assessment: Check for signs of injury, especially around the head and neck. Assess basic motor functions, coordination, and balance.
Cognitive Assessment: Ask simple memory and orientation questions. What day is it? Where are you? What number are you? Who scored last? and what half is it? Evaluate concentration and the amount of time it takes to answer each question.
Treatment
1. Seek medical attention go to A&E or miner injury unit.
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2. Rest: Physical and cognitive rest is essential initially. Avoid activities that worsen symptoms, including screen time, intense mental tasks and raising the heart rate for 21 days.
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3. Medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage headaches, but it's important to consult a healthcare professional before using any medication.
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4. Monitoring Symptoms: Keep track of symptoms and seek medical attention if they worsen or new ones develop.
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5. Avoid Alcohol and Drugs: Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs during the recovery period, as they may interfere with the healing process.
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6. Sleep: Ensure adequate and quality sleep to support the healing process.
Always follow the advice of a healthcare professional for personalised treatment and recovery plan based on the specific circumstances of the concussion.
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7. Gradual Return to Activity: Resume normal activities gradually, guided by a healthcare professional. Avoid returning to sports or physically demanding tasks until cleared.